The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future.
How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?
The structure of the future perfect tense is:
Subject
+
Auxiliary Verb WILL
+
Auxiliary Verb HAVE
+
Main Verb
Invariable
Invariable
Past Participle
will
have
V3
Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
will
have
finished
by 10am.
You
will
have
forgotten
me by then.
NEGATIVE
She
will
not
have
gone
to school.
We
will
not
have
left.
QUESTIONS
Will
you
have
arrived?
Will
they
have
received
it?
In speaking with the future perfect tense, we often contract the subject and will. Sometimes, we contract the subject, will and have all together:
I will have
I’ll have
I’ll’ve
you will have
you’ll have
you’ll’ve
he will have
he’ll have
he’ll’ve
she will have/ it will have
she’ll have /it’ll have
she’ll’ve/it’ll’ve
we will have
we’ll have
we’ll’ve
they will have
they’ll have
they’ll’ve
We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.
How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?
The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future. For example:
The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.
The train will have left when you arrive.
past
present
future
Train leaves in future at 9am.
9 9.15
You arrive in future at 9.15am.
Look at some more examples:
You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8. • They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
“Mary won’t be at home when you arrive.” “Really? Where will she have gone?”
You can sometimes think of the future perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of your viewpoint being in the present, it is in the future:
For negative sentences in the future continuous tense, we insert not between will and be. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and will. Look at these example sentences with the future continuous tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
will
be
working
at 10am.
You
will
be
lying
on a beach tomorrow.
NEGATIVE
She
will
not
be
using
the car.
We
will
not
be
having
dinner at home.
QUESTIONS
Will
you
be
playing
football?
Will
they
be
watching
TV?
When we use the future continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and will:
I will
I’ll
you will
you’ll
he will/she will/it will
he’ll/she’ll/it’ll
we will
we’ll
they will
they’ll
For spoken negative sentences in the future continuous tense, we contract with won’t, like this:
I will not
I won’t
you will not
you won’t
he will not/she will not/it will not
he won’t/she won’t/it won’t
we will not
we won’t
they will not
they won’t
We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we. How do
we use the Future Continuous Tense?
The future continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future. The action will start before that moment but it will not have finished at that moment. For example, tomorrow I will start work at 2pm and stop work at 6pm:
At 4pm tomorrow, I will be working.
past
present
future
4pm
At 4pm, I will be in the middle of working.
When we use the future continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands what time we are talking about.
Look at these examples:
I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
They won’t be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
What will you be doing at 10pm tonight?
What will you be doing when I arrive?
She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
We ‘ll be having dinner when the film starts.
Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return.
The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
How do we make the Simple Future Tense?
The structure of the simple future tense is:
Subject
+
Auxiliary Verb WILL
+
Main Verb
Invariable
Base
will
V1
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
I
will
open
the door.
You
will
finish
before me.
She
will
not
be
at school tomorrow.
We
will
not
leave
yet.
Will
you
arrive
on time?
Will
they
want
dinner?
When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I will
I’ll
you will
you’ll
he will/ she will/ it will
he’ll/ she’ll/it’ll
we will
we’ll
they will
they’ll
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won’t, like this:
I will not
I won’t
you will not
you won’t
he will/not she/will not/it will not
he won’t/she won’t/it won’t
we will not
we won’t
they will not
they won’t
How do we use the Simple Future Tense?
No Plan
We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:
Hold on. I’ll get a pen.
We will see what we can do to help you.
Maybe we’ll stay in and watch television tonight.
In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:
I think I’ll go to the gym tomorrow.
I think I will have a holiday next year.
I don’t think I’ll buy that car.
Prediction
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:
It will rain tomorrow.
People won’t go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
Who do you think will get the job?
Be
When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:
I’ll be in London tomorrow.
I’m going shopping. I won’t be very long.
Will you be at work tomorrow?
Note that when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to
The structure of the past perfect continuous tense is:
Subject
+
Auxiliary Verb HAVE
+
Auxiliary Verb BE
+
Main Verb
conjugated in simple past tense
past participle
present participle
had
been
base + ing
For negative sentences in the past perfect continuous tense, we insert not after the first auxiliary verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect continuous tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
had
been
working.
You
had
been
playing
tennis.
NEGATIVE
It
had
not
been
working
well.
We
had
not
been
expecting
her.
QUESTIONS
Had
you
been
drinking?
Had
they
been
waiting
long?
When speaking with the past perfect continuous tense, we often contract the subject and first auxiliary verb:
I had been
I’d been
you had been
you’d been
he had/she had been
he’d been/ she’d been
it had been
it’d been
we had been
we’d been
they had been
they’d been
How do we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the past before another action in the past. For example:
Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours.
Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.
past
present
future
Ram starts waiting in past at 9am.
9 11
I arrive in past at 11am.
Here are some more examples:
John was very tired. He had been running.
I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking.
Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised. It had not been running well for a long time.
Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?
You can sometimes think of the past perfect continuous tense like the present perfect continuous tense, but instead of the time being now the time is past.
past perfect continuous tensepresent perfect continuous tense
had | | | have |
been | | | been |
doing | | | doing |
>>>> | | |>>>>
pastnowfuturepastnowfuture
For example, imagine that you meet Ram at 11am. Ram says to you:
“I am angry. I have been waiting for two hours.”
Later, you tell your friends:
“Ram was angry. He had been waiting for two hours.”
The past continuous tense is an important tense in English. We use it to say what we were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.
In this lesson we look at the structure and the use of the past continuous tense, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:
How do we make the Past Continuous Tense?
The structure of the past continuous tense is:
Subject
+
Auxiliary Verb BE
+
Main Verb
conjugated in simple past tense
present participle
was /were
base + ing
For negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past continuous tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
was
watching
TV.
You
were
working
hard.
NEGATIVE
He, she, it
was
not
helping
Mary.
We
were
not
joking.
QUESTIONS
Were
you
being
silly?
Were
they
playing
football?
The spelling rules for adding ing to make the past continuous tense are the same as for the present continuous tense.
How do we use the Past Continuous Tense?
The past continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the past. The action started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. For example, yesterday I watched a film on TV. The film started at 7pm and finished at 9pm.
At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV.
past
present
future
8pm
At 8pm, I was in the middle of watching TV.
When we use the past continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands what time we are talking about. Look at these examples:
I was working at 10pm last night.
They were not playing football at 9am this morning.
What were you doing at 10pm last night?
What were you doing when he arrived?
She was cooking when I telephoned her.
We were having dinner when it started to rain.
Ram went home early because it was snowing.
Some verbs cannot be used in continuous/progressive tenses.
We often use the past continuous tense to “set the scene” in stories. We use it to describe the background situation at the moment when the action begins. Often, the story starts with the past continuous tense and then moves into the simple past tense. Here is an example:
” James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone box…
” Past Continuous Tense + Simple Past Tense
We often use the past continuous tense with the simple past tense. We use the past continuous tense to express a long action. And we use the simple past tense to express a short action that happens in the middle of the long action. We can join the two ideas with when or while.
In the following example, we have two actions:
long action (watching TV), expressed with past continuous tense
short action (telephoned), expressed with simple past tense
past
present
future
Long action.
I was watching TV at 8pm.
8pm
You telephoned at 8pm.
Short action.
We can join these two actions with when:
I was watching TV when you telephoned.
(Notice that “when you telephoned” is also a way of defining the time [8pm].)
We use:
when + short action (simple past tense)
while + long action (past continuous tense)
There are four basic combinations:
I was walking past the car
when
it exploded.
When
the car exploded
I was walking past it.
The car exploded
while
I was walking past it.
While
I was walking past the car
it exploded.
Notice that the long action and short action are relative.
“Watching TV” took a few hours. “Telephoned” took a few seconds.
“Walking past the car” took a few seconds. “Exploded” took a few milliseconds.
How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb
have has been base + ing
Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
have
been
waiting
for one hour
You
have
been
talking
too much
NEGATIVE
It
has
not
been
raining
We
have
not
been
playing
football.
QUESTIONS
Have
you
been
seeing
her?
Have
they
been
doing
their homework?
Contractions
When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
I have been
I’ve been
You have been
You’ve been
He has been
She has been
It has been
John has been
The car has been
He’s been
She’s been
It’s been
John’s been
The car’s been
We have been
We’ve been
They have been
They’ve been
Here are some examples:
I’ve been reading.
The car’s been giving trouble.
We’ve been playing tennis for two hours.
How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present or now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:
An action that has just stopped or recently stopped
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.
I’m tired because I’ve been running.
past
present
future
!!!
Recent action.
Result now.
I’m tired [now] because I’ve been running.
Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
You don’t understand [now] because you haven’t been listening.
An action continuing up to now
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.
I have been reading for 2 hours.
past
present
future
Action started in past.
Action is continuing now.
I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
We’ve been studying since 9 o’clock. [We’re still studying now.]
How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.] • We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]
For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.
We use for to talk about a period of time—5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
We use since to talk about a point in past time—9 o’clock, 1st January, Monday.
For
Since
a period of time
a point in past time
20 minutes
6.15pm
three days
Monday
6 months
January
4 years
1994
2 centuries
1800
a long time
I left school
ever
the beginning of time
etc
etc
Here are some examples:
I have been studying for 3 hours.
I have been watching TV since 7pm.
Tara hasn’t been feeling well for 2 weeks.
Tara hasn’t been visiting us since March.
He has been playing football for a long time.
He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.
We often use the present continuous tense in English. It is very different from the simple present tense, both in structure and in use.
In this lesson we look the structure and use of the present continuous tense, follwed by a quiz to check your understanding:
Structure: how do we make the present continuous tense?
Use: when and why do we use the present continuous tense?
Spelling: how do we spell verbs with -ing for the present continuous tense?
Present Continuous Tense Quiz
Continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the present progressive tense is the same as the present continuous tense.
How do we make the Present Continuous Tense?
The structure of the present continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
be base + ing
Look at these examples:
Subject
Auxiliary Verb
Main Verb
POSITIVE
I
am
speaking
to you.
You
are
reading
this.
NEGATIVE
She
is
not
staying
in London.
We
are
not
playing
football.
QUESTIONS
Is
he
watching
TV?
Are
they
waiting
for John?
How do we use the Present Continuous Tense?
We use the present continuous tense to talk about:
action happening now
action in the future
Present continuous tense for action happening now
a) for action happening exactly now
I am eating my lunch.
past
present
future
The action is happening now.
Look at these examples. Right now you are looking at this screen and at the same time…
The pages are turning.
The candle is burning.
The numbers are spinning.
b) for action happening around now
The action may not be happening exactly now, but it is happening just before and just after now, and it is not permanent or habitual.
John is going out with Mary
past
present
future
The action is happening around now.
Look at these examples:
Muriel is learning to drive.
I am living with my sister until I find an apartment.
Present continuous tense for the future
We can also use the present continuous tense to talk about the future—if we add a future word!! We must add (or understand from the context) a future word. “Future words” include, for example, tomorrow, next year, in June, at Christmas etc. We only use the present continuous tense to talk about the future when we have planned to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision and a plan before speaking.
I am taking my exam next month.
past
present
future
!!!
A firm plan or programme exists now.
The action is in the future.
Look at these examples:
We’re eating in a restaurant tonight. We’ve already booked the table.. • They can play tennis with you tomorrow. They’re not working.
When are you starting your new job?
In these examples, we have a firm plan or programme before speaking. The decision and plan were made before speaking.
How do we spell the Present Continuous Tense?
We make the present continuous tense by adding -ing to the base verb. Normally it’s simple—we just add -ing. But sometimes we have to change the word a little. Perhaps we double the last letter, or we drop a letter. Here are the rules to help you know how to spell the present continuous tense.
A noun that denotes neither male nor female sex is called Neutor Gender.
Examples
Pen, Chair, Tree, Register, Book, Shoes, Door, Table, Watch etc.
Note (Objects which are personified as male or females are Nouns of the relative kind)
Adjective
The word Adjective came from Greek word Adjectius, which means “add” to
A word adds to the meaning of a noun or pronoun is called adjective.
Example
He is good boy
Kinds OF Adjective
1.Adjective Of Quality
That types of adjective which shows the quality of noun or pronoun is called adjective of quality.
Example
The garden is beautiful.
The cricket was played brilliantly by him.
2.Adjective Of Quantity
That types of adjective which shoes the quantity of a noun or a pronoun is called adjective of quantity.
Example
She ate the whole apple.
I ate some rice.
He has little knowledge.
3.Adjective Of Number
That types of adjective which shows the number of something.
Example
One student came forward to become a leader of this class.
Two children make a perfect family.
Four subjects of Management Studies are very difficult.
The adjective of numbers are three types
(1).Definite Number Adjective
That type of adjective that has exact number is called definite number adjective.
Example
A cricket team has eleven players.
(2). Indefinite Number Adjective
That type of adjective which does not exact number is called indefinite number adjective.
Example
There are many boys in the school.
(3).Distributive Number Adjective
That type of adjective which shows of things is called distributive number adjective.
Example
There are ten students in engineering class and fifty in medical class.
4.Demonstrative Adjective
That type of adjective which shows the mutual relationship of things is called demonstrative adjective.
Examples
These shoes fit me very well. (These)
Those shoes are too expensive. (Those)
This is the best day of my life. (This)
That dog is so adorable. (That)
5.Emphasizing Adjective
The adjectives which are used to lay stress on the proceeding noun are called as the emphasizing adjectives.
Example
I saw the killer with my own eyes.
This was the very book that I wanted.
6.Exclamatory Adjective
The adjectives which are used to indicate a strong emotion regarding the proceeding noun are called as the exclamatory adjectives. Usually the word ‘what’ is used for this purpose.
Example
What a blessing!
What an idea!
Adverb
The word which modifies a verb adjective or another adverb is called simple adverb.
Example
He walks slowly.
This is very sweet mango.
He walks quite slowly.
Kinds Of Adverb
1.Adverb Of Time
That adverb which tells us about “When” is called adverb of time.
Example
He returned yesterday.
I get up early in the morning.
2.Adverb Of Frequency
That adverb which tells us about “how much” is called adverb of frequency.
Example
He wrote a letter twice.
We go to school regularly.
They played a match with the same team many times.
3.Adverb Of Place
That adverb which tells us about “where” is called adverb of place.
Example
Go there.
Let you come in.
He stands next to me.
4.Adverb Of Manner
That adverb which tells us about “in what manner” is called adverb of manner.
Example
He writes clearly.
He laughs lovely.
5.Adverb Of Degree
That adverb which tells us about “to what extent” or “in which degree” is called adverb of degree.
Example
He is too late.
I am so happy.
6.Adverb Of Affirmation
That adverb which tells us about “confirmation” is called adverb of affirmation.
Example
Surely, he will join us.
The two was completely filled.
7.Intrrogative Adverb
Adverbs which are used for asking questions are called interrogative adverbs.
Example
Where do you live?
When will you visit again Singapore?
Why have you not fared well in your recent business enterprises?
Where did you get this beautiful dress?
8.Relative Adverb
That adverb which tells us about antecedent is called relative adverb.
Example
That’s the restaurant where we met for the first time.
That picture was taken in the park at which I used to play.
I remember the day when we first met.
There was a very hot summer the year in which he was born.
Tell me the reason for which you came home late.
Pronoun
Pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun.
Examples
Aslam goes to school.
Kinds Of Pronoun
Personal Pronoun
A pronoun in a sentence or phrase that refers to a specific person or object.
Examples
Personal pronouns are three cases.
Cases Of Pronoun
Nominative Case
Possessive Case
Objective
1st Person
I, We
My, Mine, Our, Our’s
Me,Us
I, We
You
Your, Your’s
You
2nd Person
You
He, She, It, They
His, Her, Its, Thiers, Their’s
Him, Her, It, Them
3rd PersonHe, She, It, They
Personal Pronoun is directly referring to the person.
This kind of pronoun is made by adding self or selves to other Personal Pronoun.
Example
My Self, Him Self, Our Selves, Them Selves, It Selves, Your Self etc
Use In Sentence
He will hurt himself.
We shall enjoy ourselves.
I shall play myself.
They will write themselves.
You will solve the sum yourself.
3. Demonstrative Pronoun
A Pronoun used to point out an object.
Example
This, That, These, Those,
This is a book.
That is a tractor.
These are students.
Those are books.
Indefinite Pronoun
A Pronoun that refers to a person or thing.
Person Or Persons.
Thing Or Things.
Examples
One, Some, Somebody, Anybody, Many, A Few, Anyone.
Use In Sentence
One should do one’s duty.
Some are born great.
Nobody attended the meeting.
A few boys are playing.
Many lost luggage in the journey.
Someone stolen my watch.
Relative Pronoun
A Pronoun that does the work of a conjunction.
Examples
Who, Whose, Which, Whom, That etc.
Use In Sentence
I met the teacher and he is my relative.
This boy whom I saw was knocking at the door.
The woman whose purse has been stolen is weeping.
The moment which lost is lost forever.
All that glitter is not gold.
6.Interragative Pronoun
The kind of pronoun is used in asking a question.
Example
Who are you?
Why are you late?
Distributive Pronoun
A Pronoun that refers to a person or persons, thing or things. One at a time.
Example
Each, Either, Neither.
Each of us won a prize.
Neither of them is honest.
Either of them is a lair.
Preposition
It is the word that is placed before a noun or a pronoun to show the thing or place denoted by it in relation to something else is called preposition.
OR
A word which tells us the relation between two things or places is called preposition.
Example
In, off, at, to, with etc
The book is on the table.
Types Of Preposition
1.Simple Preposition
Simple Prepositions are “short” or “little” words that express relationships including those of space, time, and degree.
Example
At, by, for, from, in, into, of, off, on, out, over, till, to, up, upon, with, under, down
My son is sitting at the table, doing their homework
There’s someone at the front door: I heard the bell ring.
2.Compound Preposition
Preposition formed by adding prefix (a, be) to a noun or an adjective is called compound preposition.
Example
About, above, across, below, beside, beneath etc
According to his mother, he often talked in his sleep.
Her face was perfect aside from that one hairy mole.
The bucks fought hard and it’s all because of a doe.
The detective didn’t know he was sitting next to a wanted man.
3.Phrase Preposition
Group of word with a preposition is called phrase preposition.
Example
In accordance with, in spite of, across through, peep through, in care of.
The book with the tattered cover has been read many times.
All the passengers aboard the runaway train were frightened.
The present inside the big box is mine.
Our boss put out a memo regarding the new rule.
Place
Went about the world
Ran across the road
Leaned against a wall
Quarreled among themselves
At death’s door
Sit on bench
Stood before the door
Stood behind the curtain
Lies below the surface
Sat beside me
Stand by me
Rain comes from cloud in the sky
Tour round the world
Marched through towns
Put pen to paper
Lay under the table
Climbed up the ladder
Within the house
Time
After his death
At an early stage
For many year
From first April
In the afternoon
Lived under the master
Lasted through the night
Throughout the night
Wait till tomorrow
Ten minutes to twelve
Towards evening
Rise with sun
Within a month
Agency
Sell goods at auction
Sent the parcel by post
Was stunned by below
Destroyed by fire
Heard this through a friend
Cut it with a knife
Manner
Dying by inches
Fought with courage
Won with ease
Cause/Purpose
Labored for the good of humanity
Died of fever
Place for a picnic
Did it for your good
Suffers from malaria
Concealed it through shame
Shiver with fever
Possession
No many on him
The boy with red hairs
Contrast/Concession
After every effort
For one enemy a hundred friend
With all her faults I love her
Measure
Charged interest at nine percent
Cloth sold by yard
Taller they you
Motive
From what I know of him
I hesitate to trust him
He did it from gratitude
Light emanates from sun
Skills come from practice
Conjunction
It is a word that joins two words or sentences is called conjunction.
Example
Ali and Aslam are friends.
He has to work hard otherwise he would fail
Types Of Conjunction
1.Correlative Conjunction
That conjunction which is used in pairs is called correlative conjunction
Examples
Either …or…
Either John or George must have done this mischief.
Neither…nor…
Neither peter nor Andrew has passed the test.
Both…and…
For seeking admission in a US university, you should sit for both GRE and TOEFL.
Whether…or…
I do not know whether my father is arriving by the 8o’clock flight or 9o’clock flight.
Not only…but also…
She not only wrote the screenplay for the movie but also acted a role in it.
Such…as…
I see only such movies as have good songs.
Such…that…
Such was the weather the whole of today that I decided to stay indoors.
As…as…
If you are as intelligent as your father, it will not be difficult for you to run your family business.
As…so…
As you sow, so you reap.
Hardly…when…
I had hardly sat down for dinner, when the phone rang.
So…that…
I left home early so that I would not miss the 7o’clock train to the city.
Scarcely…when…
Clinton had scarcely reached the platform when the train started moving.
Between…and…
The meeting will take place between 5 p.m and 6 p.m.
As many as
There are as many chairs as there are students.
2.Compound Conjunction
That conjunction which are used in the form of compound expressions
Example
In order that:- He comes to school in order that to learn something.
Provided that:- I will teach you provided that you too give me feedback.
Interjection
The interjection is a part of speech which is more commonly used in informal language than in formal writing or speech. Basically, the function of interjections is to express emotions or sudden bursts of feelings. They can express a wide variety of emotions such as: excitement, joy, surprise, or disgust.
What are the Structures and Importance of Interjections?
Interjections can come in the form of a single word, a phrase, or even a short clause. Aside from that, they are usually (but not always) placed at the beginning of a sentence. The importance of interjections lies in the fact that they can convey feelings that may sometimes be neglected in the sentence.
Example
“That book is about vampires.”
One person can write it as:
That book is about vampires.
Or
That book is about vampires.
But then again, another person might use an interjection to show the same feeling of disgust (as in sentence number 2):
Eww! That book is about vampires.
So you see from the sentence above that the word “eww” conveys the emotional response to what is said in the sentence. It can act as a replacement for emoticons and are more appropriate to use in writing, especially in character dialogues.
Kinds of Interjections
Adjectives that are used as interjections.
Examples
Nice! You got a Monster Kill in your first game!
Sweet! I got a PS4 for my birthday!
Good! Now we can move on to the next lesson.
The italicized words in the sample sentences above are just some of the adjectives that can be used as interjections.
Nouns or noun phrases that are used as interjections.
Examples
Congratulations, you won the match.
Hello! How are you?
Holy cow! I forgot my keys!
The italicized parts of the sentences above are just some of the nouns that can be used as interjections.
Short clauses that are used as interjections.
Example
Shawie is our chemistry teacher. Oh, the horror!
The short clause that is italicized in the example above functions as an interjection.
Some interjections are sounds.
Examples
Ugh! I’m never doing that again!
Whew! That was really close!
Uh-oh! Dude, I think we’re in serious trouble.
How do You Punctuate Interjections?
Since interjections convey different kinds of emotions, there are also different ways to punctuate them.
Exclamation point
The exclamation point is the most commonly used punctuation mark for interjections. Obviously, it is used to communicate strong emotions such as surprise, excitement, or anger.
Examples
I just replaced your sugar with salt. Bazinga!
Hooray! I got the job!
Hey! Stop messing with me!
Ouch! That must’ve hurt really bad!
Oh! They’re here!
Boo-yah! This is the bomb!
Are you still going to eat that? Yuck!
Yahoo! I got my Christmas bonus!
Eek! There’s a flying cockroach!
Period or comma
For weaker emotions, a period or a comma will suffice.
Examples
What’s the answer to number 24?
Me, who cares?
Ah, that feels great!
Oh well, what’s done is done.
Well, what did your mom say?
Um… I don’t think so.
Hmm, your house always smells like freshly brewed coffee.
Question mark
If you intend to use interjections to express uncertainty or disbelief, it is more appropriate to use a question mark.
Examples
Huh? What did you just say?
What? You still haven’t submitted your project?
Oh, really? I never thought he’s that kind of guy.
